Agriculture and Environment: Cotton

Introduction

While habitat conversion is a problem associated with cotton production, the most important production impacts are the use of agrochemicals (especially pesticides) and water.

The quality of soil and water and the impact on biodiversity in and downstream from the fields are also major concerns. Finally, because of the high use of pesticides there are a number of human health concerns, both for farm workers and for nearby and downstream populations.

Carcinogenic dyes & chemicals
On the processing and manufacturing side, the use of industrial chemicals is of concern, especially those associated with dyeing textiles and finishing clothes. These chemicals affect not only the environment but also workers in the processing and apparel industries. Of particular concern is the use of carcinogenic dyes and chemicals, especially azo dyes.

Other important concerns
At the producer level, the main environmental impacts from cotton production in order of importance include use of agrochemicals, water use, soil erosion and degradation, freshwater contamination, and habitat conversion and the associated loss of biodiversity.