Indonesian Javan rhinoceros - Population & Distribution
Once found on volcanoes...
Previous Population and DistributionJavan rhinos were once found on all major volcanoes in west Java, some of which are 3,000m above sea level. During the 1960s an estimated 20-30 individuals remained in Ujung Kulon National Park. The population doubled from 1967 to 1978, after rigorous protection, in part supported by WWF-Indonesia, was put in place. Since the end of 1970s, population numbers appear to be stable. The current estimation of the population size is 28-56 individuals.
Current Population and Distribution
The surviving population of Indonesian Javan rhinos is located on the Ujung Kulon peninsula, in western Java. Ujung Kulon has an estimated carrying capacity of 80 rhinos, based on home size range and habitat condition. However, rhino numbers have not increased significantly for some years, indicating that carrying capacity might have already been reached.
Other possible reasons for the stable numbers are: (1) habitat changes, which have led to a decrease in available food; (2) competition with banteng (a cattle species) for food; (3) skewed sex ratio, leading to difficulties in mating; and (4) inbreeding depression.
