Traditional


Local farmer boy demonstrating in a sorghum field the traditional (but ineffective and dangerous) method of scaring away elephants with drum noise, Namibia.
Local farmer boy demonstrating in a sorghum field the traditional (but ineffective and dangerous) method of scaring away elephants with drum noise, Namibia.
© WWF-Canon / Folke WULF
In Caprivi, elephants have become habituated to the traditional deterrent methods of beating drums, using fire or shooting in the air. O’Connell (1995) found that in some cases elephants had become aggressive and charged the farmers trying to scare them away.


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