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Swordfish & Billfish

Arabian Gulf sailfish with tag.

Armed and in danger

Swordfish and other billfish are hunted for food and for sport. The indiscriminate methods used to catch them also puts additional pressure on other vulnerable and endangered species such as marine turtles and tuna.

Marlin, sailfish, swordfish and spearfish dominate the seas as a top predator, but their pursuit and harvest by humans puts them under threat.

They are distinguished by their elongated nasal bones which form the 'bill'.

Key Facts

  • Common Name

    Billfish

  • Family Names

    Xiphias (Swordfish) and Istiophoridae

  • How many?

    Include marlin, sailfish, swordfish and spearfish

  • Length

    Maximum 455cm

  • Location

    Worldwide in all tropical, subtropical and temperate seas

  • Skin

    Adult swordfish have no scales or teeth

  • Speed

    Estimated to be 80-100kph

  • Did you know?

    The bill is used as protection rather than a weapon to slash at prey

Food chain

Swordfish being caught Florida United States of America
Billfish eat:
  • smaller pelagic and benthic fish
  • squid
  • octopus
Billfish are eaten by:
  • Large sharks
  • Sperm whale and orca
  • Humans

Threats

Swordfish and other billfish are at risk from overfishing and as a target in recreation fishing. The indisciminate methods used to catch billfish, such as longline fishing also poses a threat to numerous other endangered species, including marine turtles, dolphins and sharks.

What is WWF doing?
WWF has expressed concerns that overfishing of swordfish may lead to a severe depletion in population levels. It lobbies for protected areas to ensure swordfish fisheries are sustainable.

WWF also monitors catch to ensure fisheries are adhering to minimum size limits and arguees for stronger controls to ensure regulations are enforced.
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