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Special live webcast

Green earth

This Earth Hour, March 25, a special live webcast hosted by the Centre for International Governance Innovation will feature a signature lecture from our very own arctic governance specialist, Dr Tatiana Saksina. Find out more

Facts & Figures

  • The Arctic is defined as the area north of the Arctic Circle (66° 33’N), including the North Pole.
  • The region covers some 30 million km2 of marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
  • The Arctic is the only place where polar bears live; penguins do not live here, they only live in the southern hemisphere, including Antarctica.
  • Unlike Antarctica, people live within the Arctic Circle.
  • Average winter temperatures in the Arctic can be as low as -40°C (-40°F).
  • The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the five oceans of the world, and includes the Northwest Passage, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and other bodies of water.
  • The Titanic struck an iceberg from the Arctic.

The Arctic

A vast area of fjords and tundra, jagged peaks and frozen seas, glaciers and icebergs, and ice and snow, the Arctic is one of the planet's last pristine regions. But for how much longer?


Talking about polar bears

At the CITES meeting in Doha, Qatar, this week, WWF is opposing the transfer of polar bears to the endangered species list.

Why? Because while WWF believes polar bears are in need of urgent conservation attention due to shrinking sea ice driven by climate change, industrial development, toxic pollution and contact with humans, international trade is not a significant threat to the species.


Listen to a CBC Calgary podcast describing the issues around the proposed CITES listing of polar bears, with input from Craig Stewart, director, Ottawa bureau, WWF Canada: Download the mp3 [11.1 MB]

More on WWF's support of CITES | This week's CITES meeting in Doha

Arctic methane reservoirs 'leaking'

A report in the journal Science says that the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) is leaking methane to the atmosphere, in volumes "on par with previous estimates of methane venting from the entire world ocean", writes Nick Sundt in the WWF US climate blog.


Read more…

A WWF-supported study shows that killer whales in Norway may be the most toxic animals in the Arctic.

About the top of the world

Consisting of deep ocean covered by drifting pack ice and surrounded by continents and archipelagos around the Earth's North Pole, the Arctic is the planet's largest and least fragmented inhabited region.

Shared between Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States, it is home to several million people, many of them Indigenous, and provides a rich habitat to a vast array of animals, including the polar bear, arctic fox, and walrus as well as many species of seals, whales and birds.

It stores the world's largest freshwater reserves in its glaciers and offers a wealth of natural resources, especially fossil fuels and fisheries.

An uncertain future

From overfishing and toxic pollution to oil and gas exploration, the Arctic is under threat. Yet there is one single threat that outweighs them all: climate change.

Global warming in the Arctic is expected to be two or three times greater than the rest of the world. Even a slight shift in temperature could potentially result in an ice-free Arctic within this century, threatening arctic communities and animals as well as the entire planet.

Fresh from our blog...

Latest News

Hoisting sail for safer shipping in the Arctic and Antarctic

Posted on 15 March 2010 | 0 comments

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is developing a new Polar Code to regulate polar shipping to ensure that it is safe, and that the environment, wildlife and communities are protected from accidents.

Read more…

Russian hunters share their stories in Alaska

Posted on 24 February 2010 | 0 comments

Indigenous hunters from Chukotka, in Russia’s far east, are visiting Alaska this month to share their experiences with Alaskan Indigenous people and biologists, according to the Alaska Public Radio Network.

Read more…

Norway's Spitsbergen is the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

The caribou is central to the cultures, societies and economies of many peoples in northern North America. 

“When the buffalo went from the plains, the people of the plains, the Cree, the Dakota — their culture died, their spirit died. Here, we have a chance to save it.”
<b><i>Canadian Arctic First Nations leader Fred Sangris</b></i>

It's not too late

WWF is working with its many partners – governments, business and communities – across the Arctic to combat these threats and preserve the region’s rich biodiversity.

Conservation efforts include a combination of actions ranging from protected area management and public awareness campaigns to promoting national, regional and international advocacy work.

  • We provide up-to-date and reliable information on the effects of climate change in the Arctic and support actions to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  • We persuade governments to go over and above existing commitments for arctic environmental protection.
  • We aim to reduce or eliminate direct threats to biodiversity from oil and gas development, encouraging large-scale investments into renewable energy rather than new hydrocarbon projects.
  • We work with fishermen to protect of the world’s richest and most productive remaining fisheries from illegal fishing.
  • We protect key arctic species and habitats.

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Tracking polar bears in the Arctic

In seemingly pristine Arctic environments, polar bears accumulate persistent chemicals which can impair their immune and reproductive systems.
Polar bears, the world's largest terrestrial carnivore, spend much of their lives on the arctic sea ice.

But with their habitat melting at an alarming rate as a result of global warming, scientists believe that they will be vulnerable to extinction within the next century.

To ensure their future, the WWF-Canon Polar Bear Tracking Programme is charting polar bear movements throughout the Arctic, giving insight into how they behave in their natural environment and how they are being affected by climate change.

The information is used to help conservationists find solutions to better protect this threatened species.

Where is the Arctic?

There are several definitions of the Arctic region as illustrated by the map below.

New magazine

Cover of the fourth issue of The Circle newsletter for 2009.
Several definitions of the Arctic as a region exist and are all used extensively.